Background knowledge about elephants under human control

Our information is based on more than 30 years of comprehensive research on elephant husbandry by humans. It is the basis of well-founded criticism of the partly unbearable conditions and of the inadequate legal provisions stipulated by the responsible federal ministries in 2000 for circuses (Zirkusleitlinien (guidelines for the keeping of animals in circuses in Germany)) and in 1996 for elephant husbandry in zoos (Säugetiergutachten (expert opinion on mammals, minimum standards)). As early as in 1985, the European Elephant Group verifiably presented their first concept for inside enclosures with stable boxes for elephant houses and, thus, the abolition of chaining.

Background Knowledge